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Course Content
Module 1 — Principles of Hormone Therapy in Oncology
Mechanism and Dosing Overview Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): block the enzyme aromatase (CYP19A1), which converts androgens to estrogens in adipose and peripheral tissues. Examples: Anastrozole 1 mg orally daily, Letrozole 2.5 mg orally daily, Exemestane 25 mg orally daily. These are the preferred agents in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): such as Tamoxifen 20 mg orally daily — bind the estrogen receptor and act as antagonists in breast tissue but partial agonists in bone and endometrium. Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders (SERDs): such as Fulvestrant 500 mg intramuscularly on days 0, 14, 28, then every 28 days thereafter — promote estrogen receptor degradation. CYP17 Inhibitors: Abiraterone acetate 1000 mg orally daily on an empty stomach plus Prednisone 5 mg orally twice daily — block the CYP17A1 enzyme, suppressing androgen synthesis in adrenal glands and tumors. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonists and Antagonists: Leuprolide 7.5 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks or depot every 3–6 months; Degarelix 240 mg subcutaneously loading dose, then 80 mg every 4 weeks; Relugolix 120 mg orally daily — suppress testosterone or estrogen production by downregulating or directly blocking pituitary gonadotropin release.
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Lesson 1.1 — Hormone Dependence and Endocrine Manipulation
Lesson 1.2 — Mechanisms, Dosing, and Resistance
Lesson 1.3 — Patient Selection, Toxicity, QoL, Bone & Reproductive Health
Lesson 1.4 — Glossary and Abbreviations
Principles and Mechanisms
Module 2 — Hormone Therapy by Tumor Type (Breast & Prostate)
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Lesson 2.1 — Hormone Therapy in Breast Cancer
Lesson 2.2 — Hormone Therapy in Prostate Cancer
Lesson 2.3 — Integrating Hormone Therapy with Radiotherapy
Lesson 2.4 — Comparative Outcomes & Quality of Life
Breast & Prostate Clinical Scenarios
Module 3 — Treatment Timing and Duration
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Lesson 3.1 — When to Start Hormone Therapy
Lesson 3.2 — When and How to Stop Hormone Therapy
Lesson 3.3 — Managing Treatment Gaps and Restarts
Treatment Timing & Duration
Module 4 — Adverse Reactions and Mitigation
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Lesson 4.1 — Metabolic and Cardiovascular Toxicities
Lesson 4.2 — Bone, Musculoskeletal, and Mineral Disorders
Lesson 4.3 — Sexual, Cognitive, and Emotional Health
Lesson 4.4 — Hepatic, Endocrine, and Rare Adverse Events
Toxicities & Management of Hormone Therapy
Module 5 — Integration with Radiotherapy and Systemic Therapy
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Lesson 5.1 — Rationale for Combining Hormone Therapy with Radiotherapy
Lesson 5.2 — Sequencing with Chemotherapy and Targeted Agents
Lesson 5.3 — Integration with Immunotherapy
Lesson 5.4 — Multimodal Therapy Coordination & Follow-Up
Integration & Sequencing of Hormone Therapy with Radiotherapy and Systemic Therapy
Module 6 — Outcomes, Risks & Future Directions
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Lesson 6.1 — Survival and Disease Control Outcomes
Lesson 6.2 — Quality of Life and Patient-Reported Outcomes
Lesson 6.3 — Economic and Systemic Considerations
Lesson 6.4 — Emerging and Future Directions
Outcomes & Future Directions of Hormone Therapy
Module 7 — Appendices & Clinical Tools
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Lesson A.1 — Drug Dosing Quick Reference Table
Lesson A.2 — Adverse Effect Management Checklist
Lesson A.3 — Quality of Life (QoL) Assessment Toolkit
Hormone Therapy for Cancer Patients: Mechanisms, Indications, and Clinical Practice

Goal: provide ready workflows for early detection and quick correction.

Toxicity Early signs Evaluation Management
Hot flushes Sweating, insomnia Assess frequency SSRIs/SNRIs (citalopram, venlafaxine); gabapentin; lifestyle
Osteoporosis DEXA T-score ≤ −2.0 DEXA every 2 y Bisphosphonate / Denosumab + Ca/Vit D
Fatigue ↓ energy Rule out anemia, hypothyroidism Exercise, rest, treat cause
Metabolic syndrome Weight gain, ↑ BP Lipid/glucose profile Diet/exercise, metformin/statins
Cognitive change Forgetfulness PHQ-9 / HADS Cognitive training, SSRIs if depressive
Mood disorder Irritability, depression Screen PHQ-9 Psychotherapy ± antidepressant
Sexual dysfunction Libido ↓, ED, dryness Detailed sexual history PDE-5 inhibitors, moisturizers, counseling
Injection site pain IM/SC redness Clinical inspection Ice, rotate sites, topical NSAID
Thromboembolism (Tamoxifen) Leg swelling, pain Doppler if suspicion Anticoagulation; re-evaluate endocrine therapy
ONJ risk (bone agents) Jaw pain, poor healing Dental check Stop agent temporarily, refer oral surgery

Monitoring frequency summary

  • BP/Lipids/Glucose: q6 mo

  • DEXA: q24 mo (shorter if T ≤ −1.5)

  • LFT: q3 mo if on Abiraterone/Fulvestrant

  • Mood/Cognition: annually or symptom-triggered

(ASCO Supportive Care 2024; ESMO Survivorship 2025)

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